??? ???????????, ?????????? ? ?????????? ???????????? ?????????, ?????????? ? ??????????? IBM, ????? ?????? ????????? ??????????, ??????????? ? ????? ?? ?????? ???.
??????????????? ? ???????????, ??????? ????? ????? ? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????????, ?????? IBM ??????? ????????? ?? ????????? ??????. ??? ????? ??? ?????????? ?????????????????? ?????????, ?? ??????????? ???????? ???? ??????????? ???????? IBM ? 1986 ???? ???? ?????????? ??????????? ?????? ? ??????? ??????. ??? ???????????, ????????? ??? ?????? ??????????? ?????????? ? ?????????????????? ????????????? (Scanning Tunneling Microscope, STM), ????? ??????????? ???????? «????????? ???????????» (The Art of Invention). ??? ???????? ?????????? ???????????? ???? ??????? ????? ????????????? (The National Inventors Hall of Fame Foundation) ? ????????? ?? ???????? ? ???????? ?????? ??? (United States Patent and Trademark Office, USPTO). ???????? ????????? ? ????? USPTO ????????? ???? ????? ? ????????? ? ??????? ????. ? ??? ????? ????? 70 ?????????????? ?????, ????????? ? ?????????????, ????????? ? ????????? ???????.
????????, ? 1981 ????, ?????? Gerd Binnig ? Heinrich Rohrer ?? ??????????? IBM Zurich Research Laboratory ? ????????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????????, ????????? ??????????????? ????????? ????? ?? ????????????? ??? ????????????????? ???????????. ????? ??? ????? ???????????? STM ??? ?????????? ?? ??????????? ????????? ?????? – ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????????, ??? ??????? IBM ?????????? ?? ?????? ???????.
??????????? ?????????????? ??????? ???????? ??????????. ?????? IBM ?????????? STM ??? ???????? ????????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ? ???????, ??????? ??????? ?????????? ???????????? – ? ?????? ??? - ?????????? ???????? ?????????. ? ???? ???????, ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ? ???????? ??????????? ? ?????? ???????????, ??????? ????? ???????????? ??????????? ??????? ?? ????????????, ???????????? ???????? ? ??????????????.
??????, ??????? ?????? ? ??????????, ???? ????????? ? ?????? ?????????? ?????. ?? ??? ????????? ??? ?????????? «????????? ??????» - 48 ?????? ??????, ????????????? ? ????? ????? (??????? ? ?????? ???????????).
????????: IBM
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